How Oasys proved invaluable

The global analysis was carried out using the Oasys GSA software program. The typical 44m span was modelled in isolation from the structure and as a series of spans to idealise the dynamic interaction between the spans. The computer idealisation of the typical bridge span is a 3D skeletal space frame model consisting of beam elements, which were used to obtain the critical load effects in the structural members. The results of the GSA model were used to size the structural members, determine the dynamic behaviour of the bridge under pedestrian loading and in particular dynamic response factors, and to provide the parameters for the wind tunnel testing.

The tetrapods were modelled using a finite element model consisting of 2D shell elements to represent the plates of the tetrapods and 2D beam elements to represent the refuge steelwork deck members.

The 1.8 metre diameter piles supporting the tetrapods were modelled using the Oasys Alp program to obtain critical load effects along the pile length. A number of models were created to represent the bridge deck, tetrapod and supporting piles, to demonstrate the interaction between the structural elements and confirm the assumptions used in the bridge design.

A number of local finite element models were created to model specific connection details at the end anchorages, and also at the interface between the compression strut, circular hollow section, transverse girder and Macalloy bars.

The piled foundations were first modelled in Oasys Alp to calculate the load to deflection characteristics, with Oasys AdSec used to calculate the section stiffnesses and capacities. These results were then used as spring stiffnesses for the GSA model’s supports.

The bridge was fabricated in France and shipped as modules to site for installation.