GSA – Interpretation of 2D element results
Note the following when interpreting 2D element results.
- Derived moments/forces/stresses include the principal values, in whichever direction they occur. Diagrams of principal values are drawn in the principal directions. Von Mises and Average stresses are also included in the derived results.
- Projected moments/forces/stresses are the values reported in the x and y directions of the ‘output axes’ as projected onto the element xy plane.
- Check which output axes you are using by clicking the ‘Axes’ button on the Contour or Diagram Settings dialog box. Diagrams of projected values are drawn in the projected output directions.
- Moment terms follow the Timoshenko convention in which, for example, the moment Mx is based on the stress in the x direction; Mx is NOT the moment about the x axis. With this convention if a slab is in compression on the top face in both the x and y directions then the moments are both negative.
- If you aren’t sure about the orientation of the local axes, turn on ‘element axes’ in the Labels and Display Methods dialog. The axes are coloured Red : Green : Blue for x : y : z.
- 2D element axes are defined by projecting the 2D Element Property ‘Axis’ onto the element or, if this is set to ‘Local’, by the first edge of the element defining the element x and the first and last edges defining the element xy plane.
- ‘Max’ and ‘Min’ forces/moments are signed, so, for example, a negative force refers to principal compression. You need to look at both results to understand the principal compression/tension regime in an element.
- Forces and moments are given per metre run in the relevant direction. These are essentially the appropriate stresses multiplied by the element thickness. For a 0.5×0.5m square element, therefore, you would need to multiply the kN/m value by 0.5 to get the total kN force in the element.
- The Mx+Mxy and My+Mxy results may be used to allow for in-plane twisting.
Note that the RC Slab design feature may be used for designing reinforcement requirement in RC slabs and walls.
Refer to the ‘Output Options | Results | 2D Element Results’ section of the GSA manual for more details.